不同种植地点超级杂交稻产量及其构成的变化特点

Variation Characteristics of Yield and Yield Components of Super Hybrid Rice in Different Growing Locations

为探明不同生态条件下超级杂交稻产量稳定性及其与产量构成因子的关系,以两优培九、中浙优1号等8个具有代表性的超级杂交稻品种为材料,普通杂交稻汕优63和超级常规稻品种胜泰1号为对照,于2007～2009年在湖南桂东、长沙、南县进行了大田栽培试验.结果表明,超级杂交稻在不同地点种植条件下籽粒产量及其构成因子表现出显著的基因型差异、地点间差异及年度间差异.其中,超级杂交稻比汕优63平均增产2.3% ～22.2%,比胜泰1号平均增产4.3% ～29.3%;不同地点间产量均以桂东点最高,3年平均为11.45±1.08t/hm^2,其原因是有效穗数多、结实率高.超级杂交稻品种的产量构成表现出大穗型、多穗型、大粒型等多种类型,但不同类型品种均以单位面积有效穗数对产量的贡献最大,其次为每穗粒数.

To ascertain the stability of grain yield and its relation to the yield components of super hybrid rice under differ-ent ecology conditions,the field experiments were conducted in Guidong county,Changsha city and Nanxian county of Hu-nan province with 8 representative varieties of super hybrid rice (Liangyoupeijiu,Zhongzheyou 1,et al)as materials from 2007 to 2009,of which common hybrid rice (Shanyou 63)and super inbred rice (Shengtai 1)were used as the check.The results showed that the grain yield of super hybrid rice displayed the significant differences among different varieties,loca-tions and years,respectively.Compared with check varieties Shanyou 63 and Shengtai No.1,yield of super rice was in-creased by 2.3% -22.2% and 4.3% -29.3%,respectively.The highest yield was up to 11.45 ±1.08 t/hm2 in Guidong site and owing to both of the higher panicle number and the higher setting grain rate.The yield components of super hybrid rice performed as the multiple types of greater panicle size,higher panicle number and bigger grains,but no matter that their yield component type,the panicle number per unit area showed the greatest contribution to the grain yield,and the next was spikelet number per panicle.