湖南中籼稻产量及其构成因素分析

Analysis on Yield and Yield Components of Middle-season Indica Rice in Hunan

以湖南省2004～2011（2007年除外）共7年中稻区试的120个中籼稻品种（中熟组31个，迟熟组89个）试验数据为材料，研究分析了产量与产量构成因素之间的关系。结果表明，中稻产量的变化趋势与穗实粒数有密切的正向关系；中熟组在保持适宜穗数的基础上通过扩充源库，同时增加粒重和穗粒数可以达到增产目的；迟熟组通过适当减少穗数，提高粒重或增加穗粒数可以达到增产目的。通过多元回归分析建立的中稻产量结构模型可知：中稻中熟组、迟熟组每增加1单位（万穗）有效穗，产量分别增加21．681、17．124kg／hm2^，每增加1单位（g）千粒重，产量分别增加175．669、169．675kg／hm^2，每增加1单位（％）结实率，产量分别增加173.66、63.347kg／hm^2，每增加1单位（粒）穗颖花数，产量分别增加28．16、35．713kg／hm^2。

120 middle -season indica rice varieties (31 belong to medium maturity group,89 belong to late maturing group)came from regional test of middle -season rice in 2004 ~2011were chosen to study the relationships between yield components and yield.The results showed that:The change trend of yield had close relation with filled grain number.To maintain appropriate number of effective panicles and increase grain weight and grain number per spike could achieve the purpose of increasing yield in medium maturity group.To properly reduce the number of effective panicles,increase grain weight or increase grain number could reach the goal of increasing yield in late maturing group.Looked from the yield structure model established by multiple regression analysis,the grain yield of medium maturity group and late maturing group would increased by 21.681 kg/hm2 and 17.124 kg/hm2 when the ear number was increased by 10 000 panicles,the grain yield would increased by 175.669 kg/hm2 and 169.675 kg/hm2 when the grain weight was increased by 1 g,and the grain yield would increased 173.66 kg/hm2 and 63.347 kg/hm2 when the seed setting rate was increased by 1%,and the grain yield would increased by 28.16 kg/hm2 and 35.713 kg/hm2 when the number of spikelets was increased by 1 per panicle.