沙暴、尘暴和沙尘暴

Sand Storm,Dust Storm and Sand-Dust Storm

“沙尘暴”已经成为近年来公众常见的词汇.到底什么是“沙尘暴”,它与“沙暴”和“尘暴”有何区别和联系？ 通过对沙粒与尘粒的粒径分析、比较,结合风力作用下沙粒和尘粒的运动特点,辨识了沙暴、尘暴和沙尘暴的区别与联系.结果表明沙暴指粒级0.05-2mm 的沙粒形成的风暴,尘暴指粒级0.002-0.0625mm 尘粒形成的风暴,沙尘暴指粒级0.002-2mm 沙粒和尘粒形成的风暴;它们发生的机制具有相似性,但运移形式和影响范围不同,因而其危害方式、程度和防治对策亦有所差异.由于沙暴（沙物质源中不可能没有小于0.05mm 的颗粒物）、尘暴和沙尘暴在理论上是按粒径大小来区分,只有专门监测机构才可以严格将三者分开,因此,对于普通公众,在不能明确是沙暴还是尘暴或是沙尘暴时,可统一称沙尘暴.

Sand-dust storm has become a public common vocabulary in recent years.What is the sand-dust storm and how it is different from sand storm and dust storm? Combining with movement characteristics of sand & dust under wind force,particles diameter between sand & dust were analyzed.Result shows that sand storm is formed by particles diameter of sand from 0.05 mm to 2 mm,dust storm is formed by particles diameter of dust from 0.002 mm to 0.062 5 mm,and sand-dust storm is formed by particles diameter of sand & dust from 0.002 mm to 2 mm,respectively.Their mechanisms are similar,but the manner of movement and range of influence are differ-ent.Therefore,their damage patterns,damage degree & prevention measures are different.Sand storm (Sand ma-terial can not be without particulate matter less than 0.05 mm),dust storm and sand-dust storm were theoretically distinguished based on particles diameter,only special monitoring organization can distinguish them strictly.Ac-cordingly,for the general public,when they did not determine sand storm,dust storm or sand-dust storm,they can call unified sand-dust storm.