非物质文化遗产传承主体的历史转型——以湖北民间叙事长诗的传承为个案

On the Historical Transformation of Intangible Cultural Heritage's Inheritance Subject——A Case Study of the Inheritance of Long Folk Narrative Poems in Hubei

非物质文化遗产保护思潮在中国的兴起,不足10年。然而,这一思潮却深刻影响了中国文化制度的设立与变革。政府主导下的多主体参与制度,成为保护我国非物质文化遗产的主要力量。湖北民间叙事长诗得到很好的关注与发掘,同时,也经受着社会变迁的巨大考验,尤其是传承主体的历史转型,成为我们研究湖北民间叙事长诗文化传承的核心命题之一。转型带来了严峻挑战,生活方式的转型改变了传承主体的文化生态,失去了传承的良好土壤;转型也带来了新的机遇,传承主体置放的权力结构已经从地方体系升格为国家体系,这正是历史转型带给传承主体的最根本的影响。

The history of intangible cultural heritage preservation in China is less than ten years, however,this trend has made a great influence on the establishment and transformation of cultural in-stitution in China.The maj or force of the preservation is an institution led by the government with di-verse participants.The long folk narrative poems in Hubei Province has been well preserved,but it al-so has faced great challenges in the social changing process,especially on the historical transformation of inheritance subj ect,which is the core proposition of this study.The transformation has brought some tough challenges as well as new opportunities.The power structure of inheritance has been up-graded from regional system to national system which is the most essential influence brought by the historical transformation.