美国食品与营养补助制度的发展和职能——以WIC计划为例

Research on the development,functions and enlightenment of the Food and Nutrition Assistance System in U.S.:a case study in WIC program

美国食品营养和补助制度在保障低收入家庭食品与营养供给,提高人口质量和社会福利等方面卓有成效。美国妇女、婴儿和儿童特别营养补助计划(WIC计划)是美国食品营养和补助制度的重要组成部分,WIC计划经历了萌芽阶段、扩展阶段和细化阶段,涵盖了为妇女、婴儿和儿童提供食品与营养补助,营养教育以及其他医疗保健服务等具体内容,实现了促进母乳喂养、维持营养食品价格稳定、保障营养食品质量安全和倡导健康膳食方式等关键职能,在食品与营养补助的公平化、多样化和持续化等方面有着丰富的经验启示。

The food and nutrition assistance system in United States is effective in maintaining the food and nutrition supply in low-income household,improving population quality and achieving social welfare.The special supplemental nutrition program for Women,Infants and Children(WIC program) is an important part of the food and nutrition assistance system in United States,and it experienced the embryonic stage,the expansion stage and the refinement stage.The WIC program includes the provision of food and nutritional supplements,nutrition education,and other health care services for women,infants and children,and it has the key functions in the promotion of breastfeeding,maintaining of the food price,ensuring the quality and safety of the food,and proposing the healthy dietary patterns.The WIC program has great enlightenment in achieving fairness,diversification and persistence in the food and nutrition assistance system.