清代新疆乌什城市形态及格局演变探析

The Study on the Urban Morphology and Pattern of Wushi City in Xinjiang Profecture in Qing Dynasty

清代新疆乌什城的城市外部形态及内部格局在清统一前后发生了巨大变化。清统一前的乌什回城依山而建,由两座城池组成。经乾隆三十年乌什事件后,原有当地民众连同生活习俗、宗教信仰等"回城"特征因战争而消亡,新建城市为全新的带有军事驻防、政治统辖等特征的"镇城"。"镇城"兴建于乾隆年间,在道光年间得到巩固,同治、光绪年间经历了破坏与重建的过程,这种空间格局一直遗存至新中国成立初年。

The urban external morphology and internal pattern of Wushi city has changed dramatically in Qing dynasty.Wushi city was constructed along the mountains and consisted of two towns before Qing dynasty.After 1765,the contemporary local people and their ur-ban features such as living customs and religious beliefs died out and the new-established "towns"were constructed with the new fea-tures including the military garrison and political governance.The "towns"were constructed during the reign of the emperor Qianlong, strengthened during the reign of the emperor Daoguang and then destroyed and reconstructed during the reign of the emperor Tongzhi and Guangxu.The reconstructed spatial pattern remained till the beginning of new China.