山东地区2011-2013年急性呼吸道感染患者肺炎支原体感染情况调查

Epidemiologic analysis of mycoplasma pneumonia infection in Shandong from 2011 to 2013

目的 调查2011年1月至2013年12月山东地区急性呼吸道感染患者肺炎支原体感染情况.方法 采用整群抽样方法收集2011年1月至2013年12月于山东大学附属省立医院就诊的22 946例急性呼吸道感染患者的血清,采用被动凝集法检测血清中的肺炎支原体抗体（肺炎支原体-IgM）,并对不同年份、性别、年龄、季节患者的肺炎支原体感染情况进行统计分析.结果 在22 946例急性呼吸道感染患者中,肺炎支原体阳性总数为7 632例,总阳性率为33.3％.2011年至2013年肺炎支原体阳性率分别为32.6％（2 385/7 306）、34.2％（2 337/6 840）及33.1％ （2 910/8 800）,不同年份阳性率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.不同年龄患者间阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中以7～12岁的阳性率最高,为46.9％（2 869/6 118）;其次为13 ～ 20岁,为43.2％（326/755）;再次为4～6岁,为38.8％ （2 476/6 384）;＜1岁的婴儿阳性率最低,为7.8％（140/1 795）.男性患者肺炎支原体阳性率为31.4％ （4 384/13 946）,女性为36.1％（3 248/9 000）,女性肺炎支原体阳性率明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.患者肺炎支原体阳性率以冬季（12-2月）最高,为39.9％（2 441/6 122）;其次为秋季（9-11月）,为37.8％（2 155/5 696）;再次为春季（3-5月）,为31.5％（1 565/4 975）;夏季（6-8月）最低,为23.9％（1 471/6 153）.3年来,秋、冬季肺炎支原体感染总阳性率明显高于夏季,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 2011-2013年山东地区急性呼吸道感染患者的肺炎支原体阳性率稳定;女性高于男性;各年龄段均可感染,但以儿童和青少年易感;全年均可发病,但呈现季节性差异,以冬季的阳性率最高,夏季阳性率最低.

Objective To investigate the infection situation of mycoplasma pneumonia （MP） in acute respiratory infection in Shandong Province from January 2011 to December 2013.Methods The serums of 22 946 patients with acute respiratory infection in Shandong Province from January 2011 to December 2013 were collected to measure the MP IgM.The distribution characteristics of MP infection in different years and seasons,different genders and ages,were analyzed.Results Among 22 946 samples,the total positive rate of MR was 33.3% （7 632/22 946） ; the positive rate was 32.6% （2 385/7 306）,34.2% （2 337/6 840） and 33.1% （2 910/ 8 800） in 2011,2012 and 2013,respectively,showing no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）.The infection rate of MR was the highest in 7-12 years patients [46.9% （2 869/6 118）],followed by 43.2% （326/755） in 13-20 years old and 38.8% （2 476/6 384） in 4-6 years old; the infection rate of MR was the lowest in 〈 1 infants,[7.8% （140/1 795）] ; there were significant differences among patients with different ages （P 〈 0.05）.The infection rate was 36.1% （3 248/9 000） in females,higher than that in males [31.4% （4 384/13 946）] （P 〈 0.05）.There were epidemiological differences of infection incidence of MP among different seasons：the infection rate in winter was the highest [39.9% （2 441/6 122）],followed by 37.8% （2 155/5 696） in autumn and 31.5% （1 565/4 975） in spring; the infection rate in summer was the lowest [23.9% （1 471/6 153）]; the infection rate in winter and autumn was significantly higher than that in summer （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The incidence of MP infection from 2011 to 2013 is stable in Shandong province; the females,children and adolescents are susceptible; the infection rate shows seasonal differences（highest in winter and lowest in summer）.