英美加羁押必要性证明机制对我国逮捕审查程序完善的启示

On the Enlightenment of the British American and Canada Detention Necessity Proving Mechanism on China's Arrest Authorizing Procedure

英美法系犯罪嫌疑人的羁押由法官决定,控方不同意犯罪嫌疑人保释则必须向法官提出羁押申请并需履行证明责任。证据的来源不仅在于案卷证据,同时也包括由中立机关调查的证据,证明过程不遵守庭审证据规则限制,证明只要达到优势证明程度即可。我国的逮捕程序是检察官的批准程序。文章认为为防止过度羁押需要将我国逮捕决定程序进行诉讼化设计,对于有争议案件实行听证式审查,听取律师、犯罪嫌疑人、被害人的意见,明确侦查机关需要履行的证明责任以及证明标准,从而达到降低羁押率和保障犯罪嫌疑人权利的目的。

The custody of suspect in common law system is decided by judge. If the prosecution refu- ses bail, they have to submit detention application and performance the burden of proof. The sources of proof not only include document evidence but also evidence inquired by independent institutions. The evidentiary process which supposes to reach preponderance of evidence requirement does not need to follow evidence rule restriction applied in trial. Arrest procedure in China is authorized by prosecutor. In order to prevent excessive custody, it is necessary to learn from litigation procedure, and implement hearing review to hear from lawyers, suspects and victims to define the burden of proof and the standard of proof fulfilled by investigation institution clearly to achieve the aim of re- ducing detention rate and protecting suspect＇ s human fights.