重庆主推油蔬两用油菜品种适宜性分析

Suitability of main oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape cultivars in Chongqing

【目的】对比分析重庆主推油菜品种的油蔬两用适宜性,为其大面积推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】以17个油菜品种为材料,采用田间小区控制试验,分品种分阶段采摘菜薹,调查各品种农艺性状及菜薹、菜籽产量,并分析菜薹营养品质、适口性及综合经济效益等。【结果】不同油菜品种的菜薹产量、菜籽产量、总产值及营养品质和适口性存在一定差异。其中以中油杂11鲜菜薹产量最高,达2498.75 kg/ha,比对照增产1.3%;德新油59菜籽产量及总产值最高,达2516.26 kg/ha和20950.47元/ha,分别高出对照43.1%和16.7%;先油188、德新油49、天油97和中油杂11营养品质较好;17个油菜品种菜薹口感清脆、无苦味,均可作为可口的时令蔬菜食用。【结论】中油杂11、德新油49、先油188、鼎油杂3号、德新油59、南油12和新宇油7号综合表现较好,油蔬两用适宜性高于对照品种油研10号,可作为油蔬两用品种在重庆地区推广应用。

[Objective]The suitability of main oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape cultivars in Chongqing were ana- lyzed to provide reference for applying and extending those cultivars. [Method]Using 17 rape cultivars as materials, the a- gronomic character of cuhivars and yield of flowering stalk and oilseed were investigated after picking stalk of each cuhivar at different stages for different cultivars based on field plot control experiment. Meanwhile, the nutritional quality, palata- bility and comprehensive economic efficiency of flowering stalk were also analyzed. [Result]The results showed that there were some differences in yield of flowering stalk and oilseed, total output value and nutritional quality and palatability a- mong different cultivars. The fresh flowering stalk yield of Zhongyouza 11 was the highest （2498.75 kg/ha） and increased by 1.3% compared with that of control. The oilseed yield and total output value of Dexinyou 59 were the highest （2516.26 kg/ha and 20950.47 yuan/ha, respectively）, which were 43.1% and 16.7% higher than those of control, re- spectively. In addition, the Xianyou 188, Dexinyou 49, Tianyou 97 and Zhongyouza 11 showed high nutritional quality. And the flowering stalks of 17 rape cultivars tasted crisp without bitterness, thus, which could be used as delicious sea- sonal vegetables. [Conclusion]The Zhongyouza 11, Dexinyou 49, Xianyou 188, Dingyouza 3, Dexinyou 59, Nanyou 12 and Xinyuyou 7 have better comprehensive performance than other cultivars. Furthermore, these rape cultivars are better than Youyan 10 in term of suitability as oilseed and vegetable, which can be applied and extended as oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose cuhivars in Chongqing region.