基于GIS与地力评价的耕地利用类型分区——以河南温县为例

Partition of cultivated land use types based on GIS and land productivity evaluation——A case study of Wenxian country,Henan province

【目的】了解区域耕地地力的空间分布状况,为区域农产品布局规划与种植结构调整提供参考依据。【方法】以耕地图斑为评价单元,应用层次分析法、模糊数学法和综合指数法对河南温县耕地地力进行定量评价,分析耕地地力空间地域分布特征与规律;根据地力评价结果,划分不同耕地利用类型。【结果】河南温县一级地到四级地的面积分别为8340.89、7656.71、7322.17和5282.33 ha,分别占总面积的29.69%、26.31%、25.23%和18.62%,其中地力等级较高的一、二和三级耕地占全县耕地总面积的81.38%,而地力较低的四级地占全县耕地总面积的18.62%。在各等级地力区域分布状况中,一级地主要集中分布在温县西北部和东部,二、三级地主要分布在温县中部,而较低的四级地则分布在南部的黄河滩区。【结论】温县耕地利用类型可划分为西部粮食高产区,东北部粮药产区,南部粮、药、菜产区和黄河滩区粮油、菜、药、果产区。全县耕地地力整体上处于中上等水平,但仍有较多中低产田需要开展地力培育。

[Objective]The spatial distribution of cultivated land productivity was investigated to provide guidance for general layout planing of regional agricultural product and adjustment of planting structure. [Method]Taking cultivated land polygon as evaluation unit, the cultivated land productivity was quantitatively evaluated by applying AHP, fuzzy mathematics and comprehensive index methods, then the spatial characteristics and geographic distribution rule of culti- vated land productivity were analyzed. Meanwhile, according to cultivated land use types, the cultivated land of Wenxian county was partitioned based on evaluation results of land productivity. [Result]The areas of cultivated lands of 4 produc- tivity grades in Wenxian county, Henan province（from first-grade to fourth-grade） were 8340.89, 7656.71, 7322.17 and 5282.33 ha, respectively, accounting for 29.69%, 26.31%, 25.23% and 18.62% of total area, respectively. Besides, the total area of first-grade, second-grade and third-grade cultivated lands accounted for 81.38% of total cuhivated area, while the area of fourth-grade cultivated land accounted for 18.62%. The distribution of cultivated land productivity showed that the first-grade cultivated land mainly distributed in northwest and east Wenxian county, the second-grade and third-grade cultivated land mainly distributed in the central Wenxian county. The fourth-grade cultivated land distributed in floodplain of Yellow River of south Wenxian county. [Conclusion]According to cultivated land use types, the cultivated land of Wenxian county can be partitioned into four different areas viz., high-yield area of grain in west region, producing area of grain and yam in northeast region, producing areas of grain, yam and vegetable in south region, producing area of grain, oil, grain, yam and fruit in floodplain of Yellow River. The cultivated land productivity of Wenxian county is over- all at upper level, however the productivity of more middle-and low-yield cultivated land should be improved.