不同铵硝配比对叶用莴苣生长及氮磷钾养分积累的影响

Effects of Different Ammonium and Nitrate Ratios on Lettuce Growth and Accumulation of Plant Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium

采用水培方法，研究不同铵硝配比（CK，0：100；T1，10：90；T2，25：75；T3，50：50）对叶用莴苣生长及N、P、K养分积累的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，T1处理显著促进了叶用莴苣的生长，植株地上部鲜质量和经济产量分别增加了15．77％和15．21％；而T2、T3处理的地上部鲜质量、经济产量则显著降低。不同铵硝配比处理叶用莴苣植株的N、P、K积累量均表现为T1〉CK〉T2〉T3，且各处理间差异显著。不同铵硝配比处理的氮素损失率在20．17％～65．31％之间；与对照相比，T1处理的氮素损失量和损失率分别下降了14．79％和4．24个百分点，而T2和T3处理的氮素损失量和损失率均显著增加。综上，营养液增铵10％可以促进叶用莴苣植株的生长及对N、P、K的积累，且显著降低氮素损失。

Under hydroponic condition, this paper studies the effect of different ammonium and nitrate ratio （CK, 0： 100; T1, 10：90; T2, 25：75; T3, 50：50） on lettuce （LactucasativaL.） growth and N, P, K accumulation. The results showed that compared with the CK, T1 significantly promoted the lettuce growth, and its fresh weight of aerial part and economic yield were increased by 15.77% and 15.21%, while the fresh weight of aerial part gad economic yield in T2 and T3 treatments were significantly reduced. The N, P, K accumulation in lettuce plant were behaved as T1〉 CK 〉 T2 〉 T3 under different ammonium and nitrate ratio treatment. There were significant differences existing among treatments. The nitrogen loss ratios of each treatment under hydronic cultivation were between 20.17%-65.31%.Compared with the CK, the nitrogen loss amount and loss rate under T1 treatment were reduced by 14.79% and 4.24 percentage points, respectively, while the nitrogen loss amount and loss rate under T2 and T3 treatments were significantly increased. The plant growth and N, P, K accumulation were improved by 10% ammonium in nutrient solution, and yet its nitrogen loss was reduced significantly.