我国黄土高原旱作农业沟垄覆膜栽培技术研究进展

Advances in Cultivation Technique with Film Mulching in Ridge and Furrow in Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau

提高作物单位面积产量和水分利用效率是黄土高原旱地农业长期以来致力改善和解决的关键性问题。地膜覆盖技术自20世纪80年代引入我国农业生产后,先后经历了多次更新换代。目前,依托于沟垄地膜覆盖的耕作栽培方式逐渐发展成为黄土高原雨养农业区的主要耕作技术,其在继承传统农业耕作技术与经验的基础上,通过与保护性耕作技术相结合,极大拓展了其应用和推广的空间,有效解决了作物卡脖子旱问题,为该区粮食的稳产、高产提供了强有力的支撑。笔者概述了黄土高原旱作区沟垄覆膜栽培技术的发展现状,并从水分、温度、光照等方面阐述了该技术获得高产的原因。最后对沟垄覆膜栽培技术的负面效应进行了分析,旨在不断地完善沟垄覆盖体系,为今后旱区农事技术创新提供参考。

It is a key issue and aiming to improve for a long time to increase the yield of crop and water use efficiency in the dryland agriculture of Loess Plateau. Since 1980s the film mulching technology introduced to China for the agricultural production has experienced several replacements one after another. Now, the tillage technology, depending on the film mulching with ridge and furrows, has gradually become the main cultivation technique in rain-fed agriculture area of the Loess Plateau. On the basis of inheriting traditional farming technology and experience, the technology combined with conservation tillage technology, expands the application and promotion of space greatly and solves the getting stock＇s problem of northwest drought, to support the stable and high yield of the grain in this area. The authors summarized the new development of the technology of the ridge and furrow with film mulching in dry land of the Loess Plateau. At the same time, from the water, temperature and light, it reveals the reasons of high yield about this cultivation technique of the key in dry land. At last, the authors analyzed the negative influence about the technology, in order to perfect the system of covering in ridge and furrow and provide the reference for technological innovation of the agriculture in dry area in future.