免耕和灌溉对小麦-玉米间作产量及水分消耗的影响

Effects of No Tillage and Irrigation on Grain Yield and Water Consumption under Wheat and Maize Intercropping System

为改善农作物耕作生态环境以及提高农田水分利用效率,采用裂区试验设计,以小麦-玉米间作的免耕和传统耕作为主区,不同灌溉量为副区,连续2年测定作物产量、耗水量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力,分析免耕和灌溉对作物产量和水分消耗的影响。结果表明,与传统耕作相比,免耕平均提高小麦产量3.3%,玉米产量0.7%;水分利用效率平均增加1.2%,氮肥偏生产力提高1.5%。中、高灌溉量比低灌溉量平均增产小麦为13.3%和17.6%、玉米为17.0%和18.6%。作物耗水量随灌溉量增加而增加,高灌溉量比低、中灌溉量的耗水量平均增加19.0%和8.9%。中灌溉量易获得有利的水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力。

To improve crop farming ecotope and water use efficiency, a split block design, taking no tillage and conventional tillage as the main plot, various irrigation rate as the split plot, was employed to study the effects of no tillage and irrigation on crop grain yield and water consumption under spring wheat and spring maize intercropping system. Grain yield, crop water consumption rate in the total growing season, water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity （NPFP） were measured in the continuous two years. Results： Average grain yields of spring wheat and spring maize were increased by 3.3% and 0.7% in the no tillage treatment compared to the conventional tillage treatment, respectively. Average water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were increased by 1.2 % and 1.5 % in the no tillage treatment than that in the conventional tillage treatment, respectively. Average grain yields of spring wheat were increased by 13.3%/6o and 17.6%/6, and grain yields of spring maize were increased by 17.0%/6 and 18.6% in the medium and high irrigation rate treatments compared to low irrigation rate treatment. Crop water consumption rate was increased with the irrigation rate and increased by 19.0% and 8.9% in the high irrigation rate treatment compared to the low and medium irrigation rate treatments, respectively. The higher value of water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was obtained easily in the medium irrigation rate treatment.