生物农药和生化复配制剂预防水稻穗颈瘟的效果

Prevention Effects of Biopesticides and Biochemical Compound Pesticides on Rice Neck Blast

为减轻稻瘟病危害的损失,减少化学农药用量、残留和环境污染,确保水稻和粮食生产、农产品质量与贸易和农业生态环境安全,采用测报调查、随机区组设计和统计分析方法,对生物农药井冈·蜡芽菌、生物农药与化学农药复配的春雷·稻瘟灵进行预防穗颈瘟田间药效试验。结果表明:井冈·蜡芽菌的相对防效为78.0%,实际单产为7 702.5kg/hm2,比对照(CK,清水)增产21.3%,增收3349.05元/hm2,在穗颈瘟中等及以下发生区域和轻感稻瘟病品种种植田块可以大力推广,以替代化学农药;春雷·稻瘟灵1 050g/hm2和900g/hm2的相对防效为82.9%和79.9%,与化学农药三环唑的防效(84.6%)接近,实际单产分别为7 959.0kg/hm2和7 902.0kg/hm2,比CK增产25.3%和24.4%,可以大面积推广;化学农药三环唑的实际单产为7 989.0kg/hm2,比CK增产25.8%,最好用于稻瘟病常发、重发和早发区域与高感品种种植田块的穗颈瘟预防;稻瘟灵1 500mL/hm2预防穗颈瘟效果较差,不宜单独使用。三环唑、井冈·蜡芽菌、稻瘟灵和春雷·稻瘟灵处理的实际单产均极显著高于CK。

The field efficacy of Validamycin -Bacillus cereus and Kasugamycin-isoprothiolane against rice neck blast was analyzed by using the randomized block design and statistical analysis method to reduce damage loss of rice blast, decrease dosage, residual and environmental pollution of chemical pesticides and insure rice and grain production, agricultural products quality and agricultural ecological environmental safety. Results：The relative preventive effect of Validamycin Bacillus cereus is 78.0% and the actual rice yield is 7 702. 5 kg/hm2, economic income are 21. 3% and 3 349. 05 Yuan/hm2 higher than CK respectively, which indicates that Validamycin-Bacillus cereus can be energetically popularized in disease areas of rice neck blast at middle and below level and cultivation areas of rice varieties with slight susceptible to rice blast to replace chemical pesticides. The relative preventive effect of 1 050 g/hm2 and 900 g/hm2Kasugamycin-isoprothiolane is 82.9G and 79.9%, which is close to Tricyclazole （84.6%）. The actual rice yield of applying 1 050 g/hm2 and 900 g/hm2 is 7 959.0 kg/hm2 and 7 902.0 kg/hmz, 25.3% and 24.4% higher than CK separately. Kasugamycin-isoprothiolane should be popularized in rice cultivation area. The actual rice yield of applying Tricyclazole is 7 989.0 kg/hm2 , 25.8% higher than CK, which indicates that Tricyclazole should be used in areas with common occurrence, severe occurrence and early occurrence of rice blast and the cultivation area of rice varieties with high susceptible to rice blast for prevention of rice neck blast. Isoprothiolane should not be used alone because the prevention effect of applying1 500 mL/hm2 Isoprothiolane against rice neck blast is poor. The actual rice yields of applying Tricyclazole, Validamycin-Bacillus cereus, Isoprothiolane and Kasugamyein-isoprothiolane all are higher than CK very significantly.