邙山墓志所见元魏宗室起家制度初探

Study on the Yuan Wei Dynasty Royal Clan's First Position System in the Mang Mountain Epitaph

现存的81方邙山元魏宗室墓志保存了墓主完整的起家信息,据此构成独立的调查单元可资探讨元魏宗室起家制度。起家特指入仕授予的首项正式官职,六朝门阀社会视之为衡量贵族性高低的政治新生,决定了未来的前途命运,故以贵族化为价值导向的元魏宗室墓志对此高调标榜。研究发现,元魏宗室的起家标准整体凌驾异姓勋贵之上,对应的乡品全部超越贵族二品,又依世资差异划分若干等级。宗室起家占据清要职位,不仅仕宦年龄低,而且首次迁转速度快、跃升幅度大,充分彰显宗室阶层天潢贵胄的气派和王朝信赖宗室的施政方略。

The abundant information on the royal clan＇s first position system was kept in 81 Mang mountain epitaph,by which we could investigate the official mechanism.The first position system was a political origin that measured the nobleman＇s status hierarchy and determined the future.So the first position was the centre of the royal clan＇s epitaph.It was found out that royal clan＇s official rank was higher than other aristocrat whose village level surpassed the second stage.According to the family background,the royal clan＇s first position was rigidly hierarchical.They enjoyed early success,occupied the illustrious position and was rapidly exceptionally promoted,which illustrated the royal clan group＇s characteristic.