分配正义在中国:问题与解决

Distributive justice in China:Problems and solutions

现代社会关系的基础在于实际地存在着一套保障人民基本权利的政治和法律制度。在公共领域,我们实际上不是信任任何一个个体,而是信任一套特定的政治、法律、经济和社会制度。人只有从社会、政治、法律等公共领域中得到了应得的,才会产生这样的信任。这些制度的正当性源于得到论证的公平原则。罗尔斯对公平正义的论证和对差别原则的强调,为我们审视社会公平涉及的政治正义和分配正义问题指明了方向。皮凯蒂对R>G不等式的发现则揭示了"拼爹资本主义"的功利逻辑,为我们探索实现分配正义的道路提供了数据佐证。正义就是人得其应得,社会应得是分配正义的本质,每个人均等地分享社会应得,是回到社会公平的重要起点。人人均等地分享社会基本资源,是分配正义的根本要求。在就业、教育、医疗、养老、保障等领域,如何公平地保障公民的基本权利和利益,均等地分配社会资源,已经成为中国迫切的社会问题。社会应得理论将为此提供一套可行的解决方案。

The modern social relations are built on the ground that there indeed exist a set of political and legal institutions to secure people's fundamental rights.In public sphere,in fact,what we trust is a set of specific political,legal,economic and social institutions rather than any individual.Such trust does not come into existence before people gain what they deserve from such public spheres as society,politics and laws.The legitimacy of the institutions stems from the justified principle of justice.Rawls' argument for justice and his emphasis on the principle of differentiation give the direction for us to examine the issues of political and distributive justice which involves social fairness.Piketty's invention of R > G equation reveals the utilitarian logic of 'family-background-competition capitalism,' and provide us with data evidence to find a path to distributive justice.Justice is one gets he or she deserves.It is the essence of distributive justice that people get they deserve in a society.Everybody equally enjoys his or her share is an important departure for us to return to social justice.It is the fundamental requirement of distributive justice that everybody equally share the basic resources in a society.In China,it has become an urgent social problem how to guarantee citizens' basic rights and interests by equally sharing social resources in such social security areas as employment,education,medial care and oldage care.The theory that everybody should get he or she deserves will offer us a feasible solution.