1995年阪神地震中大开车站破坏机理分析

Damage mechanism analysis of Daikai Subway Station caused by Kobe earthquake in 1995

1995年日本阪神地震中,神户市地铁车站的破坏被认为是首例直接受地震动破坏的地下结构。对大开车站破坏机理的研究现状进行了详细分析,以ABAQUS有限元软件为平台,采用粘弹性动力人工边界,等效荷载的地震波输入方法。土体和结构分别采用4节点平面应变减缩积分单元和梁单元,分别建立了仅考虑水平地震动作用和同时考虑水平和竖向地震动作用的土-结构有限元分析模型,分析了大开地铁车站结构的破坏机理。计算结果表明:竖向地震动的存在,会增大结构中柱的轴力,但对中柱的剪力和弯矩,以及结构其他位置的内力影响不大;大开车站的中柱主要是由于竖向振动引起柱子底端混凝土压碎破坏引起整个结构的破坏。

In Kobe earthquake, the damage of Daikai subway stations is considered as the first case that only caused by earthquake motion. First, review on mechanism of Daikai subway station was presented. Then, two nu- merical models under horizontal vibration and both horizontal and vertical seismic vibration were established on the ABAQUS platform. During the modeling, viscoelastic dynamic artificial boundary was considered to simulate the boundary condition, and earthquake wave was input by equivalent load method, while soil and structure were mod- eled by CPFAR and B21 element, respectively. Numerical results draw the following conclusions： （1） The exist- ence of vertical earthquake wave could enlarge the axis force of columns, however, it has little influence on shear force and bending moment of columns; （2） Crushed concrete at the bottom of column lead to the damage of whole structure.