湖南长沙地区13种观赏竹抗寒性研究

Study on Cold Resistance of 13 Kinds of Ornamental Bamboos Grown in Changsha, Hunan Province

为研究已经在长沙地区进行引种栽培的地被观赏竹的耐寒性,以已选育的13种地被观赏竹为试验材料,通过在自然越冬状态下测定其叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和脯氨酸含量,进行耐寒性研究。结果表明:在自然越冬下,13种观赏竹的叶绿素含量在不同月份和品种间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);除黄条金刚竹外,12种观赏竹的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高,游离脯氨酸含量增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率增长较少;13种观赏竹的6项指标之间有显著相关性(P<0.01);运用因子分析得13种观赏竹的抗寒能力排序为美丽箬竹(92.64)、湖南箬竹(89.08)、箬竹(86.66)、大明竹(86.56)、白纹椎谷笹(85.87)、白纹阴阳竹(85.04)、翠竹(85.03)、辣韭矢竹(83.88)、菲黄竹(82.73)、阔叶箬竹(82.53)、菲白竹(81.60)、鹅毛竹(80.18)、黄条金刚竹(62.67),与试验观察外表形态结果一致;黄条金刚竹受冻害明显,影响其观赏价值。

In order to study the cold resistance of ornamental bamboo species which have been introduced inHunan, we choose 13 kinds of ornamental bamboo as the experimental materials and measured chlorophyllcontent, malondialdehyde content, relative electric conductivity, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase activityand proline content under natural winter to study their cold resistance. The results indicated that with thedecrease of air temperature in winter, the chlorophyll content among the 13 species and among differentmonths had significant differences. Except Pleiloblastus kongosanensis f. aureostriaus, SOD and CAT activitiesand free proline content in leaves of the rest 12 bamboo species increased, while MDA content and the relativeelectric conductivity increased slightly. The 6 physiological parameters in the 13 dwarf ornamental bamboospecies had significant correlation（P〈0.01）. Through factor analysis, cold resistance of the 13 bamboo specieswas in the order from strong to weak as Indocalamus decorus（92.64）, I. hunanensis（89.08）, Sasaella glabra f.albo-striata（86.66）, I. longiauritus（86.56）, P. gramineus（85.87）, Hibanobambusa tranguillans f. shiroshima（85.04）, Sasa phymaea（85.03）, Pseudoasa japonica var. tsutsumiana（83.88）, I. latifolius（82.73）, S. auricoma（82.53）, S. fortunei（81.60）, Shibataea chinensis（80.18）, and P. kongosanensis f. aureo-striatus（62.67）, and theresult was consistent with the morphological observations. Continuous low temperature had strong influence on the growth of P. kongosanensis f. aureostriatus. The results showed that all bamboo species except P.kongosanensis f. aureostriatus could be planted in Hunan Province.