空勤人员心血管病危险因素及发病风险评估

Aircrew＆#39;s exposure rate of cardiovascular risk factors and the onset risk assessment

目的 调查空勤人员心血管病现状及其主要危险因素,为综合干预提供科学依据.方法 对1 070例空勤人员进行问卷调查和检测,查明心血管病危险因素暴露情况,评估发病风险,分析危险因素与飞行机种、职务、时间和年龄的关系. 结果 空勤人员的心血管病危险因素暴露率依次为：不健康饮食习惯69.07％、吸烟56.17％、腹型肥胖36.36％、心血管病家族史35.14％、饮酒24.21％、缺乏运动22.34％、血脂异常21.59％、脂肪肝17.85％、高尿酸血症12.80％、高血压7.10％、肥胖6.82％、代谢综合征5.98％及糖尿病0.84％.13.18％的空勤人员存在3项或3项以上危险因素,8.50％评估为高危或很高危.个体危险因素数目及10年内发生缺血性心血管病的绝对危险（％）随年龄增长而增加.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,校正年龄后,与歼（强）击机组比较,轰炸机、运输机组腹型肥胖的风险显著增高（P＜0.05）,轰炸机、运输机、教练机组血脂异常风险显著增高（P＜0.05）;随着飞行时间的增加,血压升高、肥胖的风险显著增高（P＜0.05）;不同职务与各种危险因素的关联均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）. 结论 空勤人员心血管病危险因素暴露情况值得重视,综合干预控制心血管病危险因素应依据年龄、飞行时间和机种的不同,区别对待,各有侧重.

Objective To investigated the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in aircrew for providing comprehensive scientific evidence.Methods The questionnaire survey on risk factors was conducted in 1 070 aircrews.The risks were evaluated by the exposure rates and the relationship of risk factors to airplane type,duty,time and age were respectively analyzed.Results The exposure rate of the risk factor of cardiovascular disease was respectively graded down as,unhealthy eating habit：69.07%,smoking：56.17%,abdominal obesity：36.36%,family history of cardiovascular disease：35.14%,alcohol drinking：24.21%,lack of exercise：22.34%,dyslipidemia：21.59%,fatty liver：17.85%,hyperuricemia：12.80%,hypertension：7.10%,obesity：6.82%,metabolic syndrome：5.98% and diabetes：0.84%.13.18% aircrews showed three or more risk factors,and 8.50% were evaluated as high or very high risk.The number of individual risk factors and the absolute risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease in 10 years were increased with age.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after age correction,the aircrews of bomber and transport aircraft had significantly higher risk of abdominal obesity （P〈0.05） and those of bomber,transport and trainer were with significantly higher dyslipidemia risk （P〈0.05）,compared with those of fighter/attack aircraft aircrews.The risks of hypertension and obesity significantly grew with the increase of flying time （P〈0.05）.There was no significance among different duties and various risk factors （P〉 0.05）.Conclusions It＆#39;s very important for aircrew to control the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.Comprehensive intervention and control of cardiovascular diseases risk factors should make a difference among age,flying time and type of aircraft.