战斗机飞行员颈痛及对飞行的影响调查研究

Survey study on the neck pain in fighter pilots and its influences to operational flying

目的 调查战斗机飞行员日常颈痛、飞行时颈痛的发生情况及对飞行的影响,为进一步进行危险因素研究及采取干预措施提供基础数据. 方法 对包括94名高性能战斗机及139名普通战斗机在内的233名战斗机飞行员采用整群问卷形式,调查1年内日常颈痛（daily neck pain,DNP）及飞行时颈痛（fly-related neck pain,FNP）的发生情况.按日常有无颈痛分为健康组和日常颈痛组,比较两组飞行时颈痛的发生率.按飞行机型分为高性能战斗机组和普通战斗机组,比较两组日常颈痛及飞行时颈痛的发生率,同时调查飞行时发生颈痛对飞行的影响. 结果 本组飞行员中日常颈痛发生率为32.6％,飞行时颈痛的发生率为59.7％,飞行时频发颈痛的发生率为17.2％.与健康飞行员相比,日常颈痛飞行员更易出现飞行时颈痛及飞行时频发颈痛,两组发生率差异有统计学意义（x2 =41.665、54.669,P＜0.01）.高性能战斗机飞行员日常颈痛、飞行时颈痛的发生率与普通战斗机飞行员相比差异无统计学意义,但两组的飞行时频发颈痛发生率差异有统计学意义（x2=7.753,P＜0.01）.18.7％曾发生飞行时颈痛的飞行员报告飞行时颈痛对飞行耐力有影响,20.1％报告对注意力或精力有影响,37.4％报告对向外观察或搜索目标有影响,59.7％报告对操纵灵活度、大载荷动作有影响.67.8％曾发生飞行时颈痛的高性能战斗机飞行员报告因飞行时颈痛而影响了自由空战.结论 战斗机飞行员中日常颈痛及飞行时颈痛发生率较高,日常颈痛的飞行员更容易发生飞行时颈痛,提示这部分人群存在较为稳定的颈部功能损害,需要及时有效的干预.飞行时颈痛对任务飞行有较多影响,高性能战斗机飞行员更容易出现飞行时频发颈痛,提示高性能战斗机飞行对飞行员的颈部功能要求更为严格,需要在空勤保健工作中予以体现.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of daily neck pain （DNP） and fly-related neck pain（FNP） in fighter pilots and to estimate how neck symptoms influenced operational flying in fighter pilots,so as to provide elementary data for further investigation of risk factors and preventive measure.Methods Two hundred and thirty three fighter pilots,including 94 high-performance fighter pilots and 139 conventional fighter pilots,were surveyed on self-reported prevalence of DNP and FNP in past 1-yr.The pilots were grouped into with DNP and healthy groups by prevalence of DNP,and the FNP prevalence was compared between these two groups.The prevalences of DNP and FNP were compared between high-performance fighter pilots and conventional fighter pilots.Pilots also described how FNP influenced operational flying.Results Among all pilots,32.6% had experienced DNP,59.7% had experienced FNP and 17.2% had experienced frequent FNP.DNP pilots had statistically higher FNP and frequent FNP prevalence than healthy pilots （x2=41.665,54.669,P〈0.01）.Comparing with conventional fighter pilots,high performance fighter pilots had no statistically different DNP and FNP prevalence,but had statistically different frequent FNP prevalence（x2 =7.753,P〈0.01）.Among the pilots with FNP,18.7% reported neck pain impacted flying endurance,20.1% reported impacted ability of concentration or stamina,37.4% reported impacted ability of observation or target searching,59.7% reported impacted agile operation or high G maneuvers.Among high performance fighter pilots with FNP,67.8% reported restricted air combat maneuvers resulted from FNP.Conclusions Prevalence of daily neck pain and fly-related neck pain are considerably high in fighter pilots.Pilots with daily neck pain are more easily to experience fly-related neck pain,indicating that their neck functions are steadily weakened and require prompt and effective intervention.High performance fighter pilots are more easily to experience frequent fly-related neck pain.The fly-related neck pain affects operational flying in many ways.Those findings highlight the stricter demand of neck function for high performance fighter pilots and the necessary support to air service.