胜任特征研究及在军事飞行人员中的应用前景

Retrospect of competency researches and prospect of its application for military flight personnel

目的 综述胜任特征研究的发展历程和在各个领域中的实践应用,以期对我国军事飞行人员的胜任特征研究和选拔、训练、评估等方面有所借鉴和帮助. 资料来源与选择 国内外该领域的相关文献. 资料引用 引用文献资料51篇. 资料综合 较为公认胜任特征概念是将某一工作（或组织、文化）中有卓越成就者与表现平平者区分开来的个人潜在的、深层次特征.胜任特征模型主要有冰山模型、洋葱模型和金字塔模型.自从胜任特征的概念提出以来,由于其具有鉴别优秀和一般人员职业绩效的深层个人特征的功能,因此在国内外各领域得到了广泛关注和深入研究.研究方法主要包括行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法、情景测验法、团体焦点访谈和工作分析等.军事飞行职业对人员的心理特质要求很高,在该领域中也开展了胜任特征的相关研究工作并取得了良好的实效价值,但还不能完全满足实际需求.军事飞行人员胜任特征研究可以为飞行人员的心理选拔、心理训练以及年度鉴定的心理评估和日常自我心理维护的指标体系提供理论依据,从而实现胜任特征模型的应用设想,最终为“选拔与安置体系”、“评估与训练体系”、“保障与防护体系”等的建立提供帮助.结论 随着高性能战斗机已经逐渐成为我国空军作战力量的主力机型,研究并建立基于新机型以及不同职务的军事飞行人员胜任特征,必将在人员选拔、岗位安置、心理训练及心理健康防护等方面发挥重要的作用.

Objective To review the development of competency in various occupations,and to prospect the application of competency research in the selection,training,assessment.etc.for military flight personnel.Literature resource and selection The related articles published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Fifty-one references are cited.Literature synthesis The widely accepted concept of competency is the potential or the deep personal characteristics that distinguished the persons with outstanding achievements from the others who were with mediocre performance in a work （or organization,culture）.The main models of competency are iceberg model,onion model and pyramid model.Since the concept of competency was proposed,it has been widely concerned and deeply researched in many fields of China and abroad for its function in identifying the deep personal characteristics of excellent and general staff＇s occupation performance.The main research methods are behavioral event interview,questionnaire survey,situational judgment tests,focus group interview and job analysis.The military flight occupation highly requires personnel psychological traits.Related work of competency has been applied and got favorable and pratical results carried out and good actual effect has obtained in this field now.But it still can＇t compltetly satisfy the actual needs.Study on the competency of military flight personnel can provide theoretical basis of index system for psychological selection,psychological training,annual psychological assessment and daily psychological selfmaintenance.It will actualize the expectation on application of competency models and offer the help to finally establish ＂selection and placement system＂,＂assessment and training system＂ and ＂security and protection system＂.Conclusions For the higher performance fighter aircraft required,researching on competency and building aircraft and occupation orientated traits are signifying much,and the results would play a momentous role in flight personnel selection,placement,mental training and psychological health care.