重载铁路道岔的垫板制造工艺研究

Research on Manufacturing Process of Heavy Rail Turnouts Base Plate

垫板作为道岔结构的关键组成部分,主要固定钢轨件及高锰钢叉心的位置,并且承受车轮传递给钢轨的压力。由于设置位置及构造要求不同,垫板有许多种类。文章分析了30 t轴重重载铁路道岔垫板及零件的结构特点、制造工艺。根据传统垫板的特点,研究开发了专用重载道岔的垫板工装、组焊胎型。针对30 t轴重的重载轨道结构以及一些关键参数对重载轨道结构动力的影响规律,通过对垫板总长度、宽度、厚度极限偏差的确定,垫板底面平面度、机加工表面粗糙度、承轨槽平面度的确定,经现场试制、试铺和审核,研制设计出高品质的道岔垫板。为进一步提高垫板加工精度,通过优化垫板胎型的结构,提高垫板组焊胎的精度,使之完全达到行业技术标准,现已推广使用。

As a key part of the turnout structure, the base plate is used to fix the position of the rail parts and high man- ganese steel frog and subjected to the pressure of wheel transferred to the rail. Due to the different set location and constrnction requirements , there are many types of plates. This paper analyzes the manufacturing process and structure characteristics of 30 t axle load heavy haul railway turnout plate and parts. According to the characteristics of the tradi- tional plate, the research and development of the special heavy load turnout plate tooling, installed and welded jig model has been done. For the 30 t axle load heavy haul railway structure and influence rule of some key parameters on heavy haul railway structural dynamic, based on the determination of limit deviation of total plate length, width and thickness ; determination of plate bottom surface flatness, machined surface roughness and rail ditch flatness as well as the field tri- al, trial laying and examination, the turnout plate with high quality is developed and designed. By optimizing the struc- ture of plate jig model, the machining precision of the plate is further improved, the accuracy of tie - in and weld jig of plate is increased fully achieving the industry technical standards and currently popularized and applied.