来自西方的记忆:南京大屠杀中的五位美籍传教士

From the West Memory： Five American Missionaries in the Nanjing Massacre

南京大屠杀前夕，20多位在宁外籍人士参与创建了南京安全区国际委员会，并在安全区内做了大量艰苦的工作保护中国难民。与此同时，他们作为南京大屠杀的亲历者，亲眼目睹了日军在宁暴行，用日记、书信或者摄影的形式做了记录，并想方设法将这些资料传递到南京之外的地区，成为揭露日军暴行和见证南京大屠杀的珍贵的第一手资料。本文通过描述其中典型的五位美籍传教士在南京大屠杀期间所做出的救治难民、揭露日军暴行等活动，以此全面了解南京大屠杀期间留在南京的西方人士为保护、救治、救助南京难民及抗议日军暴行等方面的贡献，再现南京大屠杀期间南京难民的生存状态，还原日军暴行真相，并为深化南京大屠杀史研究提供了一个新的视角。

On the eve of Nanjing massacre, more than 20 foreigners who participated in the creation of the International Safety Zone Nanjing Committee, and did a lot of hard efforts to protect the Chinese refugees in the region. At the same time ,as the personages experienced the Nanjing massacre personally, they witnessed the atrocities in Nanjing committed by Japanese invaders~ they recorded these atrocities with diaries, letters even the photo-graphs and tried their best to deliver these materials to the outside of Nanjing, they became the precious first hand materials to expose the Japanese atrocities. This paper described the typical five American missionaries during the Nanjing Massacre , who made treatment of refugees, exposed Japanese atrocities and other activities, in order to fully understand the contribution of westerners staying in Nanjing to protect Nanjing refugees, and rescue Japanese atrocities during the Nanjing Massacre, Reproduction of living conditions of refugees in Nanjing, restored the truth of Japanese atrocities and deepen the Nanjing Massacre study, which provide a new perspective.