云南省高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民放牧和野便行为研究

Research of freely grazing and wild feces behaviors in schistosomiasis endemic areas of plateau mountain area in Yunnan Province

目的了解云南省高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民野外自由放牧和野外大便（野便）行为情况。方法选择鹤庆县西甸、磨光2个行政村作为研究试区。随机抽取30%的6~65岁居民,以询问式问卷调查的形式,调查其野外自由放牧和野便的行为情况,并对调查对象进行血清学检查,了解其血吸虫病感染情况。结果共调查居民412人。居民对家畜饲养回答圈养、自由放牧、不知道和没有回答的人数所占的比例分别为55.34%、4.85%、26.94%和12.86%。居民无放牧行为、每周放牧〈5次、每周放牧≥5次人数占调查人数的比例分别为75.49%、16.02%和8.50%。居民无野便行为、每周野便〈5次、每周野便≥5次和没有回答的人数占调查人数的比例分别为68.45%、27.67%、2.91%和0.97%。结论鹤庆县血吸虫病流行区居民野外自由放牧和野便行为较普遍,对当地血吸虫病防治工作影响较大,在今后的防治工作中仍应突出人畜粪便管理和禁牧措施,巩固血吸虫病防治成果,以实现传播阻断目标。

Objective To understand the situation of the freely grazing and wild feces behaviors of residents in plateau mountain area of schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Methods Two villages of Xidian and Moguang in Heqing County,Yunnan Province were selected as the study area and the questionnaire surveys were performed to the randomly selected villagers aged 6 to 65 years with the sampling ratio of 30%. Then the respondents were tested for the infection of schistosomiasis by indirect hemagglutination assay（IHA）. Results Totally 412 residents were surveyed. In all the responds,the ratios of＂captive breed＂,＂freely grazing＂,＂unknown＂and＂no response＂were 55.34%,4.85%,26.94% and12.86% respectively;and the ratios of＂no grazing＂,＂less than 5/week＂and＂no less than 5/week＂were 75.49%,16.02%and 8.50% respectively;and the ratios of＂no wild feces＂,＂less than 5/week＂,＂no less than 5/week＂and＂no answer＂were68.45%,27.67%,2.91% and 0.97% respectively. Conclusions Freely grazing and wild feces behaviors of residents in schistosomiasis endemic area of Heqing County are widespread,could heavily affect the control of schistosomiasis in Heqing County. The further work is to strengthen the management of human and animal feces and grazing and consolidate the results of the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and finally achieve the aim of the transmission interruption.