大陆法相邻不可量物妨害制度的要素扩张——兼评我国相邻不可量物妨害制度

Evolution and Expansion of the Remedy Institution of Infringement by Measureless Substance Based on the Civil Law System——On China's Institution of Infringement by Measureless Substance

不可量物妨害制度是肇始于罗马法的制度,经中世纪法学家巴托鲁斯的重新发现,最终为近现代法所继受,形成以德国为代表的不可量物侵入规范并直接影响了瑞士、意大利、葡萄牙等国家及魁北克、我国台湾和澳门等地区的相关规范。在整个发展过程中,相邻的内涵、不可量物的范畴、容忍义务以及救济方式均发生了扩张。我国《物权法》对不可量物作了规范,但是有所不足:在规范对象上,可以增加观念妨害;在容忍义务方面,不应完全以国家规定为标准,而应该借鉴域外法的优点,适用"客观判断标准",从而在救济方式上实现《物权法》和《侵权责任法》的分层次覆盖。

The remedy institution of infringement of measureless substance can date back to Roman law.Then, Bartolus, a medi-eval jurist, reinterpreted the institution which directly impacted many countries such as Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Portugal, and such regions as Quebec, Taiwan and Macao.Throughout the development process, the meaning of neighboring and measureless substance, the tolerance obligations and remedies have undergone expansion.China’s “Property Law” has covered measureless substance, but it fails to include emotional nuisance.The tolerance obligations in China’s “Property Law” should not entirely depend on the standards stipulated by the state, but should learn from foreign laws by applying“objective criteria”, so that we are able to remedy an infringement of measureless substance respectively with“Property Law” and“Tort law”.