马克思与罗尔斯正义思想之比较

Two Paths of Justice: "Comparison" and "Construction" ——A comment on the justice thoughts of Marx and Rawls

研究社会正义理论主要有两种基本路径:一种是"比较"的路径,一种是"建构"的路径。以唯物史观为理论基础的马克思正义理论是在对人类不同的社会生活方式的批判比较中形成,是以推翻资本主义社会、建立共产主义社会为其实现形式的社会革命理论,可归为"比较"的路径。而以社会契约论为理论根基的罗尔斯正义理论是通过"原初状态"的建构程序来制定的,是以"秩序良好社会"为其实现形态的社会改造理论,属于"建构"的路径。两种路径具有不同的理论范式,对构建与当代中国相适应的正义理论具有重要的启示意义。

There are two basic paths in the research of social justice theory, the comparison and the construction. Marxist justice theory, which is based on the historical materialism, is formed in the critique and comparison of the different way of people＇s social life. The social revolution theory, which is to overthrow capitalist society and establish the communist society as its realization form, can be classified as the ＂comparison＂ path. Rawls＇ justice theory based on the social contract theory is developed through the construction of ＂original position＂ in an assumption. The social transformation theory which puts ＂well ordered society＂ as its realization form belongs to the ＂construction＂ path. Both paths have different theoretical patterns, and make important enlightening significance to the construction of the justice theory which adapts to the contemporary China.