客家围屋军事防御艺术管窥

A Study on the Art of Military Defense of Hakka Round Houses

客家围屋是在继承中原汉族民居等传统建筑基础上,适应南岭地区的自然与社会生态而形成的建筑范式,兼有居住与军事防御等功能。其军事防御性主要体现在整体的空间结构与布局。客家围屋一般就地取材,因地制宜,从外围到内围,从空中、楼层、地面到地下,构成纵横交错的立体空间防御体系,具有较强的御敌效果。同时,客家围屋防御性格局折射出客家人出色的生存智慧与人生哲学,是客家精神在军事防御上的形象表达。

Inheriting the tradition of Han residential buildings, Hakka Round Houses take the architectural forms and the function of dwelling and military defense to adapt to the natural and social ecology in Nanling regions. Its strong military defensiveness is mainly reflected in the overall spatial structure and layout, the effect of which is achieved in a complex of three-dimension defense space from the periphery to the inner circle and from the overhead, the floors, the ground floor, to the underground by using local construction materials and adapting to local condition. The defensive pattern reflects their excellent survival wisdom and philosophy of life. It is the image of the Hakka spirit expressed on military defense.