西藏寺庙和城市的布局关系研究

A Brief Analysis on Tibetan's Temple and City

在西藏,寺庙与城市的关系就好像宗教与世俗的关系,既独立又互有联系。以西藏地区藏传佛教前弘期、后弘期的多座著名寺庙为实例,以史据为参考,总结了西藏寺庙与城市之间衍生出的四种关系:以寺为中心发展成城;寺庙与城市合二为一,成为区域的政教中心;"三位一体"的城市格局;寺庙建于城市远郊。从历史社会发展角度看,佛教在西藏的发展程度和宗教活动的发展是导致这四种寺庙与城市格局形成变化的主要原因。

The temple in Tibet is to the city what the religion is to the secularity, either independent or related. Taking the famous temples built in Tibet during the periods of Snga dar （the first propagation of Lamaism） and Phyi dar （the second propagation of Lamaism） as examples and according to the historical reference, the article expounds four relationships between Tibet temples and the city： the city development around the temple; the mingling of temples into the city as a regional center of caesaropapism, a three-in-one city pattern, and the construction of temples in the outskirts of city. From the perspective of historical social development, the paper comes to the conclusion that it is the development of Buddhism activities that leads to the change of four patterns of the temple and the city in Tibet.