HACCP在火力发电企业职业病危害分析及控制中的应用

Application of HACCP in analysis and control of occupational hazards in thermal power enterprise

目的通过对火力发电企业职业病危害控制效果评价,探讨适用于职业病危害分析与控制的"危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)"体系。方法通过职业病危害因素检测、健康监护等方法,运用HACCP原理找出职业病危害关键控制点,提出预防控制措施,评价职业病危害防护措施及其效果。结果火力发电企业存在的职业病危害因素主要有粉尘、毒物和噪声等。经检测,定点粉尘、个体粉尘和毒物的浓度合格率分别为78.6%、90.0%和92.3%;定点噪声和个体噪声的强度合格率分别为86.1%和71.4%。检测结果除个别工作场所的粉尘浓度(定点检测浓度的合格率为78.68%、个体检测和合格率为90.9%)和噪声强度(合格率为71.4%)、给煤机平台的一氧化碳浓度(合格率为92.3%)超过职业接触限值,其他职业病危害因素检测结果符合相关标准的要求。结论 HACCP可以运用到建设项目职业病控制效果评价中,为预防和控制企业职业病危害提供科学依据。

Objective To assess control effect of occupational hazards in the thermal power enterprise, explore the possi- bility of using hazard analysis and critical control point （HACCP） as suitable system in evaluating occupational haz- ards. Methods Based on the application of the working environment monitoring and health survey, the key control points and evaluation principles were determined and checked with an improved HACCP system. Results The investigation showed that the main occupational hazards existed in the thermal power enterprise were dust, toxicants and noise. The test results showed the qualified rates of the fixed - point dust, the individual dust and the toxicant concentrations were 78.6% , 90. 9% and 92. 3% , respectively; Qualified rates of the fixed - point noise and the individual noise intensity were 86. 1% and 71.4%. Conclusion HACCP can be well applied in the analysis and control of occupational hazards in the construc- tlon projects , which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention , control and supervision of occupational hazards in the industrial enterprises.