广州市孕妇饮酒行为及饮酒风险评估

Drinking behavior and risk assessment of pregnant women in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市孕妇饮酒行为并对其风险进行评估。方法 2013年7月~8月间采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对在医院产科门诊就诊的孕妇进行问卷调查,了解孕妇的基本情况和饮酒现况,并用胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）筛查量表（T-ACE、AUDIT-C和TWEAK量表）进行饮酒风险评估。结果639名孕妇参加调查,收回有效答卷637份。17.58%（112/637）的孕妇报告在非怀孕期有饮酒行为,18名在怀孕后有饮酒行为,和孕前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。不同年龄段的孕妇在怀孕期饮酒情况差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但不同学历的孕妇在怀孕期饮酒情况的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,文化程度为初中及以下的孕妇在怀孕后饮酒率从各组别最低变为最高。T-ACE、AUDIT-C和TWEAK量表的阳性率分别为6.28%、2.35%和6.75%,对于平时有饮酒和孕期有饮酒的孕妇各量表的阳性率均高于没有饮酒的,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论广州市孕妇的饮酒率和危险饮酒情况均低于西方国家的水平,但孕妇饮酒年轻化趋势、孕期饮酒风险明显增加,应加强孕妇饮酒预防干预工作,减少对孕妇及胎儿健康危害。

Objective To explore the drinking behavior and risk assessment of pregnant women in Guangzhou. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant women sampled by multi-stage cluster sampling in the maternity clinic of hospitals in Guangzhou from July to August 2013. The questionnaire included the basic situation and the status of alcohol consumption of pregnant women, as well as alcohol risk assessment using the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders（FASD） screening scale（including T-ACE, AUDIT-C and TWEAK scale）. Results This study included 639 pregnant women, with 637 valid questionnaires. The drinking rate before pregnant was 17.58%（112 / 637）, while 18 women continued to drinking after they got pregnant, which had statistically significant（P〈0.01）. Pregnant women with different ages had no statistically significant in drinking rate（P〉0.05）. However, pregnant women with different education levels had statistically significant in drinking rate（P〈0.05）; specifically, the drinking rate of pregnant women with junior secondary education or below became from the lowest before pregnant to the highest after pregnant. The positive rates of T-ACE, AUDIT-C and TWEAK scale were 6.28%, 2.35% and 6.75%, respectively. The positive rates of all scales for those who had drinking before or after pregnant had statistically significant different from those of non-drinking pregnant women（P〈0.01 for all）. Conclusion The drinking rate and dangerous alcohol consumption of pregnant women in Guangzhou are lower than those of the Western countries. However, the age of pregnant women with drinking behavior become younger and younger and risk of alcohol consumption increased significantly in pregnant women. We should strengthen the prevention and interventions of alcohol consumption in pregnant women and reduce health risks for pregnant women and fetuses.