2005-2012年安徽省肾综合征出血热监测及流行病学分析

Surveillance and epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Anhui province,2005-2012

目的探讨安徽省肾综合征出血热（HFRS）流行病学特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2005-2012年安徽省HFRS疫情资料和实验室检测资料进行分析,采用免疫学方法对监测点健康人群及宿主动物感染情况进行检测。结果 2005-2012年安徽省累计报告HFRS病例1 221例,死亡28例,年平均发病率和死亡率分别为0.251 3/10万和0.005 8/10万;每年10月至翌年1月为发病高峰期,淮北平原和江淮丘陵地区为高发区,占全省发病总数的82.39%;人群分布以农民为主,发病年龄主要集中在30~60岁年龄段;居民区和野外的鼠密度分别为3.94%和4.76%,鼠带毒率分别为2.95%和4.74%,小家鼠和黑线姬鼠分别为居民区和野外的优势鼠种;监测点健康人群隐性感染率为7.98%。结论安徽省近年来HFRS发病基本保持在较低水平,全省范围内广泛存在以姬鼠型为主的混合型疫源地。各地区应根据本地区HFRS的流行特点,开展有针对性的科学防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS） in Anhui province, from 2005 to 2012, and provide reference for formulating control strategy. Methods The epidemic situation of HFRS and laboratorial detection data in Anhui province from 2005 to 2012 were collected and analyzed, and healthy person in surveillance sites and infections of host animals were detected using immunodiagnostic techniques.Epidemiological analyses were conducted in HFRS-infected cases. Results A total of 1 221 cases of HFRS were reported in Anhui province from 2005 to 2012. Of which, 28 were dead, with annual incidence rate of 0.251 3 / 100 000 and mortality rate of 0.005 8 / 100 000. The incidence rate exhibited a declining trend. The peak incidence was found during the period of October to January of the following year. HFRS cases were mainly distributed in Huaibei Plain and Jianghuai Hilly regions, which accounted for 84.39% of the total cases in Anhui Province. Most cases ranged from 30 to60 years old farmers were the main profession of cases. The mean densities of mice in residence community and outdoors were 3.94% and 4.76%, respectively, and the 2.95% and 4.74% of mice in residence community and outdoors carried viruses, respectively. Mus musculus was the dominant species in houses and Apodemus agrarius in outdoors. The latent infection rate of healthy persons in surveillance sites was 7.98%. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS appears a declining trend in Anhui province, however, epidemic areas in which Apodemus agrarius as major hosts are widely distributed. The specific measures for control and prevention of HFRS in different area should be taken according to the epidemic character in different area.