秦简牍所见田制考论

Study on the Farmland Planning Seen in the Bamboo Slips of Qin Dynasty

秦简牍所见农田的亩积为二百四十平方步,其形制为长二百四十步、宽一步长条形地亩,在这个单位区间里被要求分为两个田区"畛"。由这样的100亩并列构成"顷",阡道位于长边,而陌道位于短边。这种形制并不适用于水田,也不是在每一个地方都严格执行。"二百四十步为亩"的设定本身也有出于丈量便利的考虑。田制的改革打破了以传统血缘家庭和组织为基础的社会秩序,形成了以军功为基础的新社会秩序,使整个秦国社会体系得到根本性改造。

Seen in the Bamboo Slips of Qin-Han Dynasty, the acreage of Mu（亩）is 240 sq. steps. The struc- ture characteristic of Mu is a piece of long land which has 1 step width and 240 steps length,in which it has been divided into two parts and each one be called as Zhen（畛）. Qing（顷）is consisted by one hundred Mu, the long ridge of land was called Qian（阡）, the short side was called Mo（陌）. In the farmland boundaries, Have a line and landmarks. This is only a general standard for forming the farmland system. Shang-Yang＇s land system reform broken the traditional family and kinship community, created a new social order which based on military exploit. Shang-Yang＇s reform caused the fundamental transformation of whole social system of Qin.