2014年主要资源国国家石油公司经营状况与战略动向

Resource-rich national oil companies` operating performance in 2014 and from 2014 onward

2014年国际石油价格大幅下降,以沙特阿美、委内瑞拉国家石油公司、墨西哥国家石油公司等为代表的资源国国家石油公司(NOC)的油气储量基本与上年持平,部分资源国NOC的原油产量小幅增长,天然气产量总体保持增长态势,炼油能力持续稳步提升,受油价影响公司收入普遍大幅下滑。为挤压高成本的非常规石油的市场空间,沙特阿美率先实施"增产保额"措施,对其他资源国NOC起到了示范作用。为了应对低油价冲击,资源国NOC普遍选择扩大出口市场份额的策略,同时缩减投资规模和削减新增项目数量,调整投资预算和发展规划,控制运营成本。墨西哥国家石油公司在国家能源改革的推动下,加快了公司体制机制的调整,取得了一定成果。

In 2014 international oil prices dropped sharply, oil and gas reserves of resource-rich national oil companies such as Saudi Aramco, PDVSA and PEMEX remained at 2013 levels, some NOCs crude oil production saw a modest increase, natural gas production and refi ning capability maintained steady growth, and company profi ts dropped sharply in sympathy with oil prices. To squeeze high-cost unconventional oil out of the market, Saudi Aramco was the fi rst to increasing its production quota to keep prices stable, playing an exemplary role thereby for other NOCs. In response to the low oil price shock, resource-rich NOCs tended to expand export market share, cut investment scale and new projects, adjust their investment budget and development planning, and control operating costs. With impetus from the national energy reform, PEMEX achieved results in adjusting its institutional mechanisms.