基于交易费用理论探讨非常规天然气开发管理模式

Unconventional gas development management model based on transaction-cost theory

新制度经济学认为,交易费用和产权结构影响激励和经济行为,因而制度安排对于人的行为和资源配置以及经济增长具有至关重要的影响。作为其基础理论的交易费用理论认为,资产专用性、不确定性和交易频率等因素直接影响交易费用,进而会影响到管理模式(制度)的选择。非常规天然气开发具有储层丰度低、技术要求高、工程投资大、经济效益差的特点,而且相关资产专用性高、开发风险大、交易费用高,因此非常规天然气开发管理的发展方向是混合制和企业制管理模式。总结国内外非常规天然气的发展实践,认为联盟、关联交易、股份制企业是比较适合中国非常规天然气开发的有效管理模式。

New Institutional Economics holds that transaction costs and the property rights framework influence and encourage economic behavior, and that institutional arrangements in general have crucial effects on behavior, the allocation of resources, and economic growth. Transaction-cost theory considers asset specificity, indeterminacy, transaction frequency, etc. to have a direct effect on transaction costs and thus on the choice of management model（institution）. Developing unconventional gas with characteristics such as low reserve level/abundance, high technical demands, large engineering investment, and low economic benefit, faces high asset specificity, high development risk and high transaction cost. Therefore the direction of unconventional gas development management should be toward a mixed system and enterprise system management model. Comparing the development of unconventional natural gas that has taken place domestically and abroad indicates strategic alliances, related-party transactions and joint-stock enterprises to be more suitable for China＇s unconventional gas development.