法国公诉替代程序研究——兼评“自然演进”型的司法改革观

A Study on Procedures Alternatives aux Poursuites in France

法国公诉替代程序是司法实务部门为应对法庭堵塞、效率低下而创设的刑事应对机制,包括刑事和解、刑事调解、赔偿受害人损失等一系列替代措施。从司法数据看,公诉替代程序在刑事诉讼中的适用呈逐年稳步上升趋势,但也存在诸多隐忧,包括体系混乱、衔接无序、刑事处罚司法化、鼓励认罪以及权利保障不足等问题。法国公诉替代程序的演变蕴涵了近年来欧洲"自然演进型"的司法改革观,这是对传统"理性建构"的有益补充,值得关注。

Procedures Alternatives aux Poursuites in France, including Mediation Penale, Composi- tion Penale, Reparation du Dommage, etc. , were created to increase the procedural efficiency. In prac- tice, these procedures have a more and more important influence according to the judicial data. Howev- er, there are some defects which were criticized by the scholars, including the disorder of system, the out - of - order in procedural connection, the weak judicial control in criminal sanction, the encourage- ment to plead guilty in practice and the vulnerable guarantee of rights. The development of Procedures Alternatives aux Poursuites reflects an interesting phenomenon in Europe： the natural evolution in legisla- tions. It is an useful supplement to the traditional model of ＂rational construction. ＂