保险人恶意侵权规则研究

On the Rule of Tort in Insurer's Bad Faith

20世纪60年代,美国法院将恶意侵权规则引入保险法判例,通过判定保险人因恶意侵权而承担精神损害赔偿和惩罚性赔偿责任以平衡保险人和投保人(或被保险人)之间地位的失衡,进而有效保护被保险人的合法权益。保险人恶意侵权规则体现了保险法对弱者(被保险人)优先保护的立法精神。美国保险判例和侵权理论在保险合同框架内,论述了保险人恶意侵权规则的制度支撑、理论基础、认定标准以及责任范围,这些都应该为中国保险立法和理论所利用,以促进中国保险行业的健康发展。

In the 1960s, the American courts introduced the rule of bad faith into the insurance cases by determining insurers to bear spiritual damages and punitive damages for their bad faith tort and get the balance of the insurer and the insured, thus effectively protect the legitimate rights of the insured. The rule of tort of insurer＇ s had faith reflects the spirit of insurance law that provides the priority protection for the weak （ the in- sured）. Within the contract framework, the American insurance precedents and tort theory explore the rule of tort of insurer＇ s bad faith from the perspectives of the system, theory, identification criteria and responsibility, these things should be introduced into China＇ s insurance law and theory, so as to promote the fine develop- ment of China＇ s insurance industry.