联合国2015年后发展议程与全球数据伙伴关系

The UN Post-2015 Development Agenda and Global Data Partnership

联合国2015年后发展议程的制定已基本完成,国际聚焦正逐渐转向后续执行、监督与评估。基于联合国千年发展目标的经验与教训,为确保2015年后议程的后续落实,必须有充分的数据支持。由此催生了2015年后议程下的"数据革命",即寻求更好的数据指导决策制定、目标跟踪及履责监督。尽管备受发达国家重视,但除非洲外的广大发展中国家并未充分认识到数据革命的重要性。在发达国家主导下,数据革命主要聚焦技术方面,有意无意地忽视了其背后的重大政治风险。数据革命不仅是数据采集、分析、发布及使用的历史性变革,更包含着对政府履责、全球数据伙伴关系、南北数据分工乃至文明标准等的深远影响。要实现合理、平衡的数据革命,国际社会既要强调其技术合理性,也应强调其政治风险;既要强调南北数据分工,又应重视数据革命的普遍性,以"共同但有区别"的责任观指导全球数据伙伴关系的确立。作为一个崛起中的新兴大国,中国可在全球数据伙伴关系构建中发挥建设性桥梁作用,推进2015年后议程的有效落实。

Entering its conclusion stage,the focus of the UN post-2015 development agenda is turning to follow-up implementation,monitoring and evaluation.Based on lessons learned from the implementation of the UN Millennium Development Goals,international community calls for a data revolution which aims to inform decision-making,monitor implementation and promote governmental accountability in the process of implementing the post-2015 agenda,because sufficient data is a prerequisite for the success of the agenda.While developed countries attached great importance to the data revolution,most of the developing world except Africa was not fully aware of it.Dominated by the North,current discussions on data revolution exclusively focus on technical rationality,ignoring its huge political risks intentionally or unintentionally.Data revolution is not only about transformation of data collection,analysis,dissemination and use,but also has significant political implications for governmental accountability,global data partnership,data division of labor between the North and the South and even civilization standards of international community.To realize a reasonable and balanced data revolution,international community should balance technical rationality and political risks,universality and divergent focuses,common but differentiated responsibility,and build a global partnership on development data.As a rising great power,China could play a bridging role between the North and the South,facilitating the implementation and monitoring of the Post-2015 Agenda.