华南三省区大豆生育期组划分的评价与研究

Investigation and Evaluation on Maturity Group of Soybean in Three Provinces of Southern China

以27个美国大豆生育期组标准品种和8个华南地区大豆主栽品种为材料,结合不同生育时期记载及收获后考种数据的分析,对美国大豆不同生育期组标准品种及华南地区大豆主栽品种的生育期组及考种性状进行评价。结果表明:美国大豆熟期组I^VIII标准品种的生育期逐渐变长,从83 d增加到104 d。华南地区春播大豆品种的生育期为83~85 d,夏播大豆品种的生育期为95~104 d。对于生育期相近的大豆品种,美国的大豆表现为营养生长期(VE^R1)相对较短,生殖生长期(R1~R8)相对较长,而华南地区大豆主栽品种生育期的表现则与此相反。考种结果表明,参试品种在单株总荚数、单株有效荚数、百粒重、株高、主茎节数、分枝数、分枝长度等性状上存在着显著差异。农艺性状的差异与生育期存在着一定的联系和相关性。结合生育期和考种的结果,可将夏播大豆品种华夏1号、桂夏1号和华夏3号分别划归到熟期组VI、VII和VIII。早熟春播大豆品种广东1号、华春2号、华春6号、柳豆1号划归到熟期组V,中晚熟春播大豆品种划归到熟期组VI或VII。

Twenty seven American soybean standard cultivars of different maturity groups and 8 soybean cultivars were investigated and evaluated by the observed data of different development stages and lab test after harvesting. The results showed that the growth periods of standard varieties of American soybean became longer and longer from 83 to 104 days as the increasing maturity group（MG）Ⅰ-Ⅷ. However,the growth periods of spring-sowing soybean varieties in Southern China area changed from 83 to 85 days,while the growth periods of summer-sowing soybean varieties changed from 95 to 104 days. American soybean varieties with close growth periods to those in Southern China area showed relatively short periods of vegetative growth（ VE-R1） and longer periods of reproductive growth（ R1-R8）. Test results showed that there were much significant differences among the cultivars in South China and America on the traits of total number of pods per plant,effective pods per plant,seed weight of 100 grains,plant height,node number on main stem,branch number and branch length. Certain links and relativities were found between agronomic traits and growth periods of soybean. The results of growth period and test of soybean traits suggested that Huaxia 1,Guixia 1 and Huaxia 3 of summer-sowing soybean varieties were classified to MGⅥ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ,respectively. However,the precocious soybean cultivars sown in spring such as Guangdong 1,Huachun 2,Huachun 6and Liudou 1 were classified to MG V. While the late-mature soybean varieties sown in spring could be classified to MGⅥ or Ⅶ.