磷素对不同磷效率基因型大豆根系养分吸收特性的影响

Effect of Phosphorus on Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Roots in Soybean with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies

以两类不同磷效率基因型大豆(磷高效品种锦豆33和辽豆13,磷低效品种铁丰3号和锦8-14)为试验材料,设3个磷浓度用量(0,82.5,165 kg·hm-2),测定大豆根系氮、磷和钾的百分含量和积累量,考察磷素对不同类型大豆根系养分吸收特性的影响和磷高效基因型大豆根系N、P、K吸收动态特征。结果表明:在低磷处理下,鼓粒期和始熟期磷高效品种根系氮的百分含量显著高于磷低效品种;除分枝期外其它生育时期磷高效品种的根系磷的百分含量均高于磷低效品种的,平均高41.4%;整个生育期磷高效品种根系钾的百分含量均高于磷低效品种的,平均高84.8%。磷高效品种的磷和钾的积累量也均高于磷低效品种的(平均高73.3.7%和122.9%)。与低磷相比,中磷和高磷处理能显著增加磷低效品种的根系氮、磷和钾的积累量,而磷高效品种则相对变化较小,即使在较低的磷浓度下其根系也能吸收较多的氮、磷和钾。

This research aims to elucidate the effect of phosphorus on nutrient absorption characteristics in roots of soybean lines with low and high P efficiencies. Dynamics of N,P,K uptake by different P efficiency genotypes（ high P eifficiency：Jindou 33 and Liaodou 13,low P efficiency： Tiefeng 3 and Jin 8-14） were also studied. The accumulation of nitrogen（ N）,phosphorus（ P） and potassium（ K） in soybean roots were measured after treating plants with three different levels of phosphorus（ 0,82. 5 and 165 kg·hm- 2）. The result showed that,under the low P treatment,high P efficiency genotypes showed higher levels of N,P and K in roots than low P efficiency genotypes during seed filling and initial maturing stages. During all reproductive stages,high P efficiency genotypes showed an average higher level of 41. 4% for P（ except during the branching stage） and 84. 8% for K in roots. Higher accumulation levels of P（ 73. 3%） and K（ 122. 9%） were also found in high P efficiency soybean plants. Under the high P treatment,the accumulation of N and P are higher during all reproductive stages and root K accumulation was significantly higher（ 150. 2% in average） during blooming,seed filling and initial maturing stages in high P efficiency genotypes than in low P efficiency genotypes. The accumulation of N,P and K dramatically increased with P applications in low P efficiency genotypes,which were not observed in high P efficiency genotypes. High P efficiency soybean lines exhibited greater absorption capacity for N,P and K even with low P availability.