人口较少民族受教育状况转变情况——基于“六普”和“五普”的比较分析

The Changes of Education Status of Ethnic Minorities of Small-population——A Comparative Analysis of the 5th and the 6th National Censuses of Population

基于"六普"和"五普"人口普查资料,对我国22个人口较少民族受教育状况转变情况进行分析,结果表明,在扶持人口较少民族政策的助推下,与"五普"相比,"六普"人口较少民族的受教育水平有较大提高,文盲人口普遍减少,义务教育普及率得到了较快提升,大专及以上学历人口数量显著增加。但是,人口较少民族受教育状况与全国平均水平仍有明显差距,各民族间受教育状况不平衡性比较明显,男女受教育程度差异较大,女性受教育人数远低于男性。加快教育发展,改善受教育状况,提高人口素质,是人口较少民族实现可持续发展的必由之路。

Based on the data of the 5th and the 6th national censuses of population, this paper analyzes the changes of education status of 22 ethnic minorities of small population. The results show that compared with the data of the 5th census, the 6th census data reveal a considerably increased educational level, a general reduction of illiterate population and a rapid rise of compulsory education popularization rate due to the policy of supporting ethnic minorities of small population. However, there is still an obvious gap between the educational level of these ethnic groups and the national average level, the educational level among different ethnic minorities is unbalanced, and the education level between male and female is rather different with the number of females receiving education far below that of the males. So, the way to realize a sustainable development for these ethnic groups is to accelerate education development, improve education status of their population, and uplift population quality.