新中国成立前湖南维吾尔族民族教育的历史考察

The History of Ethnic Education for Uygurs in Hunan before the Founding of the R.P. China

湖南维吾尔族发展的完整性与民族教育是不可分的。总体上看,湖南维吾尔族重视民族(家族)教育,其民族教育具有如下特点:一是通过家谱、宗祠以及祭祀活动传承家族(民族)的历史,培养民族认同;二是经堂教育保持了湖南维吾尔族的文化传承;三是湖南维吾尔族拥有积极入仕的文化传统,不仅开办私学,而且在废除科举制度后又积极兴办新学。因此,正是翦氏家族有序的民族教育为他们在一个看似封闭的文化空间里,以开放的心态、积极的行动,谋得了宽阔的发展空间,为民族的健康发展提供了可能。

The development of Uygurs in Hunan has played an important role in ethnic education of Hunan. Generally, Hunan Uygurs paid attention to ethnic education with the following traits： 1 ） cultivating ethnic identity through passing down their history by family tree, elan hall and family sacrificing activities; 2） passing down their cultural heritages through Madrasa education; and 3） holding a positive attitude toward Confucian culture and entering official career through the imperial examination, which enabled them not only to open private schools but also run public schools after the abolition of the imperial examination system. As a result, the Jian family could carry out a well organized ethnic education in a seemingly closed cultural space. They enlarged their surviving space for a healthy development with an open mind and positive attitude.