私权语境下的商标异议制度反思

Reflection of Trademark Opposition System on the Context of Private Rights

商标法律制度的设计与完善应当以商标权的私权属性为基本导向,商标异议制度也不例外。《商标法》第三次修正对商标异议制度作出了积极却并不彻底的改造。通过比较研究、社会实证研究等方法,遵循商标权的私权理念,淡化商标异议制度的社会监督与自我监督功能,强化其私权救济功能,进一步限制商标异议主体的范围。在具体制度设计上,应当妥善处理公权力运用与私权保护的关系,注重绝对理由审查与异议前置程序的调适,构建真正意义上的"行政一审"审查模式,整合现有的商标异议程序与无效程序,引入冷静期等凸显当事人私权自治的制度。

Design and improvement of legal system of trademark should be orientated towards its private right attribute with no exception of trademark opposition. The third amendment of Trademark Law made a positive but not complete reformation on the system of trademark opposition. Through the methods such as comparative research and social empirical research,it should follow the concept of private rights of trademarks,dilute the function of social supervision and self supervision of the trademark opposition,strengthen its private relief function,and further limit the scope of the body of trademark opposition. On system designs,it shall properly handle the relationship between public power and private right protection,pay attention to the censorship between absolute reason and objection on prepositional procedure,build the administrative examination mode,integrate the existing trademark objection procedure and invalid procedure,and introduce the system of cooling-off period.