全球化背景下日本教育的改革进路

Approaches of Educational Reform in Japan in the Context of Globalization

全球化背景下的日本教育在促进国家经济发展和自身存在方面都面临着合法性危机。在全球和本土的对话中,日本教育改革呈现出自上而下、自下而上的两条进路。自上而下的教育改革由新保守主义政府所主导,强调爱国和传统的新国家主义思想是改革本质,而改革手段则基于奉行市场原理的新自由主义思想。自下而上的教育改革由学者所倡导,以公民主义为主导思想,提倡教育的公共性和民主性。两条变革进路的更迭、交织,既表明日本共享国际教育改革的话语体系,亦折射出全球化背景下日本教育改革的独特视景。

Education in Japan has to deal with the legitimacy crises of capital accumu- lation and its own being in the context of globalization. Two approaches of educational re- form emerge due to the dialogue of the global and local discourse. The top-down approach is approved by the neo-conservatism government. According to the approach, the new na- tionalism thought which emphasizes tradition and patriotism is the nature of the reform, and the neo-liberalism which follows the market principle is the measure. The bottom-up ap- proach, supported by scholars and with the civilism as the dominate idea, promotes the pub- licity and democracy in education. Their change and interwovenness of the above approach- es not only indicate Japan＇s sharing the international discourse in educational reform but al- so reflect Japan＇s unique view of educational＇reform in the context of globalization.