神经科患者医院感染调查分析

Investigation and analysis of prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in neurology department

目的动态观察神经科医院感染发生率,为降低神经科医院感染发生率、提高神经科患者医疗护理效果提供参考依据。方法对2012年与2013年神经科住院患者医院感染现患率调查的数据资料和个案资料进行对比分析;采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果神经科2012年医院感染现患率为9.38%,2013年为4.15%,2013年较2012年明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;医院感染部位以呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染为主,其中下呼吸道感染占53.57%;检出病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占64.71%,并且检出了4株仅对多黏菌素敏感的鲍氏不动杆菌;抗菌药物的使用率控制在20.33%~22.40%,用药目的主要为治疗性用药和一联用药。结论神经科应以呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染和多药耐药菌感染为目标开展监测,并实施有针对性的预防控制措施,以降低和控制患者医院感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE To dynamically observe the incidence of nosocomial infections in the patients of neurology department so as to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections and improve the effect of medical care.METHODS The data of prevalence rates of nosocomial infections and the case data of the patients who were hospitalized the neurology department in 2012 and 2013were observed and compared,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS16.0software.RESULTS The prevalence rate of the nosocomial infections in the neurology department was 4.15%in 2013,significantly lower than 9.38%in 2012,and the difference was significant（P〈0.05）.The respiratory tract and urinary tract were the major infection sites,and the patients with lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 53.57%.The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the isolated pathogens,accounting for 64.71%,and only 4strains of Acinetobacter baumannii susceptible to polymyxin were isolated.The utilization rate of antibiotics ranged from 20.33% to 22.40%.The therapeutic medication and onedrug therapy were the major purposes for medication.CONCLUSIONIt is necessary for the neurology department to conduct the surveillance aiming at the respiratory tract infections,urinary tract infections,and multidrug-resistant bacteria infections and to take targeted prevention measures so as to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.