矿山采空区崩落爆破评估验收方法

Inspection and Assessment of Caving and Blasting Effect in Underground Goafs

为了评价和验收矿山采空区的崩落爆破,根据采空区崩落爆破前后的体积平衡原理,提出利用爆破后采空区充填率和遗留空区体积这2个指标共同评价采空区崩落爆破处理效果的方法。首先对采空区进行三维激光扫描获得空区形态参数,接着测量和计算获得崩落爆破方案中被破碎的岩石体积,再测量崩落爆破后地表塌陷体积,最后通过推导的公式计算获得评价验收指标。其中采空区充填系数k用来判别原采空区的主要安全风险是否得到排除,如k>85%表示爆破效果优良;遗留空区体积用来判别崩落爆破后的遗留风险大小。根据这2个指标结果进行采空区崩落爆破施工的验收。实践证明,该方法具有成本低、效率高的优势,能够满足隐患空区治理与隐患资源开采协同作业的日常生产要求,对地采转露采矿山空区治理和验收有借鉴意义。

In order to inspect and assess the blasting effect of goafs in mines, according to the principle of volume bal- ance before and after blasting, the two indexes, the filling rate and the left volume of goaf, are proposed to assess the blasting and caving effect in goals. The morphological parameters of the goaf was obtained by 3D laser scanning on goafs, and then the volume of broken rocks was measured and calculated, and the volume of the collapsed surface after blasting was measured. Lastly, the evaluation index was got by the formula derived. The filling rate of goaf k is used to judge whether the main risk for the original goafs are eliminated or not. k〉85% means the good blasting effect. The left volume of goaf is the characterization of judging the residual risks. The two indexes above can be used to assess the blasting effect in goafs. Practice has proved that this method has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and can meet the requirements of daily production with synchronous- ly cooperation of underground goals governance and risk-hidden resources exploitation. It provides some reference for the gov- ernance and assessment of goafs in other open-pit mines transferred from underground mining.