旅游制度变迁:基于系统科学视角的研究范式与理论研究体系探讨

TOURISM INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION: RESEARCH PARADIGMS AND THEORY STUDY SYSTEM BASED ON THE COMPLEX SYSTEM SCIENCE

现阶段旅游制度相关研究成果一方面很难辨析旅游制度变迁理论及其个案论争,另一方面由于无法深入研究旅游制度变迁背后的运行机制及其规律性,从而无法形成理论研究体系与范式。有鉴于此,本文以系统科学、博弈论思想为指导,在明晰旅游制度及变迁涵义的基础上,尝试探究旅游制度变迁理论体系构建问题,其内容包括:1概念界定:将旅游制度界定为一个制度主体之间关系耦合的复杂系统;2研究范式:提出旅游制度变迁研究需摒弃新古典经济学所秉持的"完全理性、均衡、静态制度观",转向一种"有限理性、动态、演化的制度观";3理论研究体系:分析旅游制度变迁动力、变迁机制与规律,构建旅游制度变迁理论研究体系。

What is the meaning of tourism institution and tourism institutional evolution？ Why similar tourism institutions in different countries and regions resulted in different function and economic performance？These questions have caught the scholars＇ attention and brought about wide academic debate. Like the changing process of society, economy, and culture, tourism institutional evolution is also a gradual process, in which the institutional subjects create and diffuse knowledge. It is also a dynamic process of continuous change through which the institutional subjects adapt to the complex environment through continuous trial and error experimentation. Therefore, we need to explore the following questions from an epistemological and methodological perspective. The issue of most importance is the research paradigm of tourism institutional evolution, followed by the dynamics and mechanism of tourism institutional evolution. In view of this,the authors took the Systems Science and Game Theory as the guidance and explored issues involving the theoretical construction of the tourism institutional evolution. The content of our study focused on the following： a） Concept definition： We clearly defined tourism institution as a complex system. Each component of system by its own forces affects the evolutional process of the tourism institution system. b） Research paradigm： Abandoning the neoclassical economics view of a perfectly rational, static, and general equilibrium system, we proposed a limited rational, dynamic, and evolutionary view of system. c） Theoretical research：We constructed a theoretical research structure that was based on the analysis of the dynamics, mechanism,and rules of the tourism institutional evolution.