中国女性农民工务工活跃度研究——基于全国29省份调查数据与陕西省实证研究

RESEARCH ON WORKING ACTIVITY OF CHINESE FEMALE MIGRANTS:BASED ON A SURVEY OF 29 PROVINCES AND AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF SHAANXI PROVINCE

基于全国范围内(除京沪港澳台地区)女性农民工外出务工调查数据,提出女性农民工务工活跃度新概念,并将该概念分解为四个活跃度因子:务工距离、务工时间、务工地点数以及务工频数,用层次分析法得出各因子的权重并计算各省市区的活跃度。引入对应各省市区农民人均纯收入进行回归分析,与多项式模型拟合较好,活跃度随农民人均纯收入的减小而有增大的趋势。分别对四个活跃度因子的地理空间分布进行研究,运用聚类分析法进一步探究务工活跃度结合农民人均纯收入在地理空间上的分布特征,并在全国范围内划分出7个区域类型。最后以陕西省为例,用Logistic回归模型得出女性农民工的个人、家庭及其他因素对务工活跃度有较大影响。

Based on a nationwide（except Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan） survey of female migrants, this study tries to understand the spatial working behavior of female migrants and explore its factors. Firstly, we put forward working activity of female migrants as a new concept and decompose it into four active factors： the working distance, the working time, the number of workplaces and the working frequency. The study uses analytic hierarchy process to analyze the weight of each factor and calculate the activity of each province. Then, to explore the correlation between working activity and economic factors of each province, we employ regression analysis after introducing per capita net income of rural household. The geographical spatial distribution of four active factors is analyzed, the patterns of which are different from each other, but they share the same core-periphery structure. To further explore the geographical spatial distribution characteristics of working activity in combination with per capita net income of rural household, this study uses clustering analysis and divides the whole country into seven regions. The main features of geographical spatial distribution can be concluded as follows：（1）Working activity of female migrants of interior provinces is higher than that of coastal provinces which is mainly affected by the lager income disparity of the former.（2）Among interior provinces, the working activity of female migrants of southern provinces is higher than that of northern provinces because of less per capita cultivated land of southern provinces.（3）Xinjiang and Tibet show distinct characters in working activity of female migrants due to closed and remote terrain with special religions and cultures.