要素收益差异、贸易分工与“比较收益悖论”

Factor Income Difference, Trade Division and “Comparative Profit Paradox”

从要素收益的视角出发,同样可以对当前国际贸易分工做出较好的解释,在构建要素收益差异与贸易分工的理论分析框架的基础上,本文提出比较收益原理,即一个国家和地区倾向于更多出口要素相对收益率较高的产品。通过对贸易引力模型的改进,利用主要出口国家贸易数据进行实证检验,检验结果表明了大多数出口国家符合比较收益原理,而中国却存在"比较收益悖论";中国存在"比较收益悖论"的主要原因在于中国大多数部门处于全球价值链下游,更多地以加工贸易的形式参与国际分工。

From the perspective of factor income, we can also make a better explanation on the current international trade division. On the basis of establishing a theoretical analytical framework of factor income differences and trade division, this paper puts forward the comparative profit principle, namely one country or region is inclined to export more products with higher factor relative gains. Through the improvement on the gravity model of trade, it conducts an empirical test on the trade data of the main export countries. The result proves that most of the export countries are in line with the principle of comparative profits, while China has the ＂comparative profit paradox＂ . The main reason lies in the factor that most Chinese sectors are located at the downstream of global value chain, participating in the international division of labor more with the form of processing trade.