形觉剥夺性近视对豚鼠视盘和视网膜形态结构的影响

Effect of form-deprivation myopia on optic nerve head and retinal morphology in guinea pigs

目的观察形觉剥夺性近视对豚鼠视盘和视网膜形态结构的影响。方法4～5周龄普通级豚鼠20只，采用随机数字表法完全随机分为实验组和对照组，每组各10只。实验组豚鼠右眼建立形觉剥夺性近视模型，时间持续4周。对照组豚鼠正常开放饲养4周，双眼不进行任何干预。形觉剥夺前和形觉剥夺4周后，采用带状光检影验光测量屈光度；A型超声测量仪测量眼轴长度；光相干断层扫描（OCT）仪测量视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度、盘沿面积、视盘面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、杯容积以及视网膜厚度、视网膜容积等视盘及视网膜形态结构参数。结果形觉剥夺前，实验组和对照组豚鼠等效球镜度数、眼轴长度、RNFI。厚度、盘沿面积、视盘面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、杯容积、视网膜厚度、视网膜容积比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。形觉剥夺4周后，实验组和对照组豚鼠等效球镜度数、眼轴长度比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=-21．426、16．132，P〈0．05）。实验组豚鼠RNFL厚度、视网膜厚度分别为（64．9±17．7）、（142．7±3．4）／zm；对照组豚鼠RNFI．厚度、视网膜厚度分别为（97．9±25．1）、（138．4±3．5）μm。与对照组比较，实验组豚鼠RNFL厚度明显变薄，视网膜厚度明显增厚，差异均有统计学意义（t=-2．845、2．338，P％0．05）。实验组和对照组豚鼠盘沿面积、视盘面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、杯容积和视网膜容积比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。实验组豚鼠形觉剥夺前后等效球镜度数、眼轴长度、RNFL厚度、垂直杯盘比、杯容积、视网膜厚度比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=46．001、-50．119、5．385、-3．447、-2．814、-8．911，P％0．05）；盘沿面积、视盘面积、平均杯盘比和视网膜容积比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论形觉剥夺性近视可引起豚鼠RNFL厚度变薄，视网膜厚度增厚；对盘沿面积、视盘面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比、杯容积及视网膜容积无影响。

Objective To evaluate the effect of form deprivation myopia on optic nerve head and retinal morphology in guinea pigs using optical coherence tomography （OCT）. Methods Twenty guinea pigs aged from 4 to 5 weeks were chosen and randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, with 10 guinea pigs in each group. Form deprivation myopia was established for the right eyes of guinea pigs in experimental group for 4 weeks. The guinea pigs of control group were not intervened. Before and 4 weeks after form deprivation, refraction was measured by retinoscopy after cycloplegia; the axial length was measured by A-scan ultrasound; retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness, optic nerve head and retinal morphology of guinea pigs were analyzed using OCT. Results Before form deprivation, there were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent, axial length, RNFL thickness, disc edge area, optic disc area, average cup disc ratio, vertical cup disc ratio, cup volume, retinal thickness, or retinal volume between the experimental group and control group of guinea pig （P〈0.05）. After 4 weeks of form deprivation, RNFL thickness of （64.9 ± 17.7） μm compared to （97.9±25.1） μm in control group （t= - in guinea pigs in experimental group was thinner 2. 845, P=0.015）. Retinal thickness of （142.7±3.4） μm in guinea pigs in experimental group was thicker compared to （138.4＋3.5） μm in control group （t= 2. 338, P=0. 038）. There were no significant differences in disc edge area, optic disc area, average cupdisc ratio, vertical up disc ratio, cup volume or retinal volume between groups （P〈0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent, axial length, RNFL thickness, vertical cup to disc ratio cup volume, and retinal thickness between after and before form deprivation in the right eye of guinea pigs in the experimental groups （t =46.001, -50. 119, 5.385, 3.447, 2.814, -8.911; P〈0.05）, while there were no statistically significant differences ill disc edge area, optic disc area, average cup disc ratio, or retinal volume （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Form deprivation myopia has an effect on RNFL and retinal thickness.