残疾人心理弹性特点及与社会融合的关系

The characteristics of resilience and the relationships between resilience and social integration of disabled people

目的 探讨残疾人心理弹性特点及与社会融合的关系.方法 采用方便抽样,对702名残疾人进行心理弹性量表、残疾人社会融合量表以及自编一般情况表的调查.结果 残疾人心理弹性总分[（53.27± 18.21）分]低于中国社区人群[（65.4±13.9）分],差异有统计学意义（t=-13.19,P＜0.01）.来自农村、年轻（≤24岁）或年老（≥60岁）、先天残疾、家庭经济困难、无保险的残疾人心理弹性偏差（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,有大学及以上文化程度、已婚、在职、家庭氛围温暖和谐的残疾人心理弹性较好（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;心理弹性总分及其三因素与社会融合呈显著正相关（r=0.38～0.66,P＜0.01）;心理弹性高分组在社会融合总分及各维度上均高于心理弹性低分组（t=11.60～ 19.02,P＜0.01）;坚韧性和力量直接影响社会融合三大维度（路径系数分别为0.18～0.46,P＜0.01）.结论 残疾人的心理弹性偏低,与社会融合密切相关,加强残疾人坚韧性和力量的训练有利于提高残疾人的社会融合.

Objective To explore the characteristics of resilience and the relationships between resilience and social integration of disabled people.Methods By convenient sampling,a total of 702 disabled people were investigated by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,Social Integration Scale of the Disabled and self-made general questionnaire.Results The score of resilience of disabled people（53.27± 18.21） was lower than chinese community people（65.4± 13.9,t=-13.19,P〈0.01）.The resilience scores were significantly lower of the disabled people who came from rural areas,younger（≤ 24 years old） or older（≥ 60 years old）,and were disabled from birth had poor family economic conditions,and had no insurances（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.But the disabled people who had university degree or above,married,working,and had warm and harmonious family atmosphere,had significantly higher resilience scores （P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.The vesilience and three sub-factors were significantly correlated with social integration （r=0.38-0.66,P〈0.01）.The high resilience group had higher score in integration and three dimensions compared with the low resilience group（t=11.60-19.02,P〈0.01）.Tenacity and strength directly influenced the three dimensions of social integration （the path coefficient were 0.18-0.46,P〈0.01）.Conclusion The resilience of the disabled people is lower,and there are close relationships between resilience and social integration.The training of tenacity and strength is beneficial to social integration of the disabled people.